Дмитрий петров фото полезных таблиц по английскому

Ñåãîäíÿ, ïîìèìî «Ôðàçû äíÿ», õî÷ó ïîäåëèòüñÿ ñ âàìè íàèáîëåå óïîòðåáëÿåìûìè âûðàæåíèÿìè ñ MAKE è DO.

Êàê ÿ óæå ãîâîðèë, ó÷èòü íóæíî íå ñëîâà, à ôðàçû, ÷åì ìû è çàéìåìñÿ.

Ïîòðàòèë ìíîãî âðåìåíè è ñèë íà ýòî âñå) Êàê ïî ìíå, ìàòåðèàë ïîëó÷èëñÿ ñóïåð ïîëåçíûì.

Åñëè ïîíðàâèòñÿ, ñòàâüòå ïëþñ, ñîõðàíÿéòå è ïîäïèñûâàéòåñü! Áóäåò ìíîãî êðóòîãî êîíòåíòà.

Äëÿ îòðàáîòêè âûðàæåíèé ïèøèòå ñâîè ñîáñòâåííûå ïðèìåðû â êîììåíòàðèÿõ.

Áîëüøå ôðàç è ðàçáîðîâ â òåëåãðàìì êàíàëå Real English (https://t.me/Phrase_of_the_Day).

???? Èñïîëüçóåì DO äëÿ äåéñòâèé (â çíà÷åíèè «äåëàòü») è äëÿ ïîâòîðÿþùèõñÿ çàäà÷.

???? Èñïîëüçóåì MAKE, êîãäà ÷òî-òî ïðîèçâîäèì è ñîçäàåì.

???? Õî÷åòñÿ äîáàâèòü, ÷òî íå âñå òàê î÷åâèäíî è ïðîñòî. Ïðîùå âñåãî çàïîìíèòü âûðàæåíèÿ.

ÎÁÙÅÓÏÎÒÐÅÁÈÌÛÅ ÂÛÐÀÆÅÍÈß Ñ DO

HOUSEWORK – Ðàáîòà ïî äîìó

???? do the housework – óáèðàòüñÿïðèáèðàòüñÿ äîìà

After I got home from the office, I was too tired to do the housework. – êîãäà ÿ ïðèøåë äîìîé ñ ðàáîòû, ÿ áûë ñëèøêîì óñòàâøèì, ÷òîáû ïðèáèðàòüñÿ äîìà.

???? do the laundry – ñòèðàòü (îäåæäó)

I really need to do the laundry – I don’t have any clean clothes left! – ìíå ïîðà çàíÿòüñÿ ñòèðêîé. Ó ìåíÿ íå îñòàëîñü ÷èñòîé îäåæäû.

???? do the dishes – ìûòü ïîñóäó

I’ll make dinner if you do the dishes afterwards. – ÿ ïðèãîòîâëþ óæèí, åñëè òû ïîìîåøü ïîñóäó.

(ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ñèíîíèì “wash the dishes”)

???? do the shopping – õîäèòü çà ïîêóïêàìè ñõîäèòü â ìàãàçèí

I went to the bank, did some shopping, and mailed a package at the post office. – ÿ ñõîäèë â áàíê, ñõîäèë â ìàãàçèí, è îòïðàâèë ïîñûëêó íà ïî÷òå.

ÈÑÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ: make the bed – çàïðàâëÿòü êðîâàòü

WORK / STUDY – ðàáîòà/ó÷åáà

???? do work – ðàáîòàòü

I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra project. – ÿ íå ìîãó ïîéòè ãóëÿòü â âûõîäíûå, ÿ äîëæåí ïîðàáîòàòü íàä âíåðàáî÷èì ïðîåêòîì.

???? do homework – äåëàòü óðîêè

You can’t watch any TV until you’ve done your homework. – òû íå ìîæåøü ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð, ïîêà íå ñäåëàåøü óðîêè.

???? do business – âåñòè áèçíåñäåëà

We do business with clients in fifteen countries. – ìû âåäåì äåëà ñ êëèåíòàìè èç 15 ñòðàí.

???? do a good/great/terrible job – âûïîëíÿòüäåëàòü ðàáîòó

She did a good job organizing the party. – îíà ïðîäåëàëà õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó ïî îðãàíèçàöèè âå÷åðèíêè.

(â ýòîì âûðàæåíèè “job” íåîáÿçàòåëüíî îòíîñèòñÿ ê ðàáîòå. Îíî ïðîñòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ÷åëîâåê ñäåëàë ÷òî-òî õîðîøî)

???? do a report – äåëàòü äîêëàä

I’m doing a report on the history of American foreign policy. – ÿ ïèøó äîêëàä ïî èñòîðèè àìåðèêàíñêîé âíåøíåé ïîëèòèêå.

(ìîæíî òàê æå ñêàçàòü “writing a report”)

???? do a course – ïðîõîäèòü êóðñ

We’re doing a course at the local university. – ìû ïðîõîäèì êóðñ â ìåñòíîì óíèâåðñèòåòå.

(òàêæå ìîæíî ñêàçàòü “taking a course”)

TAKING CARE OF YOUR BODY – çàáîòèìñÿ î ñâîåì òåëå

???? do exercise – äåëàòü óïðàæíåíèÿ çàíèìàòüñÿ ñïîðòîì

I do at least half an hour of exercise every day. – ÿ çàíèìàþñü ñïîðòîì ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå ïîë÷àñà êàæäûé äåíü.

???? do your hair (= style your hair) – äåëàòü ïðè÷åñêó

I’ll be ready to go in 15 minutes – I just need to do my hair. – ÿ áóäó ãîòîâà èäòè ÷åðåç 15 ìèíóò; ìíå òîëüêî íóæíî ñäåëàòü ïðè÷åñêó.

???? do your nails (= paint your nails) – êðàñèòü íîãòè

Can you open this envelope for me? I just did my nails and they’re still wet. – ìîæåøü îòêðûòü ýòîò êîíâåðò äëÿ ìåíÿ? ß òîëüêî ïîêðàñèëà íîãòè, îíè åùå íå âûñîõëè.

GENERAL GOOD OR BAD ACTIONS – õîðîøèå è ïëîõèå âåùè

???? do anything / something / everything / nothing – äåëàòü ÷òî-íèáóäü/ ÷òî-òî/ âñå/ íè÷åãî

Are you doing anything special for your birthday? – òû ÷òî-íèáóäü ïðèäóìàë íà ñâîé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ?

You can’t do everything by yourself – let me help you. – òû íå ìîæåøü äåëàòü âñå ñàì – ðàçðåøè ìíå ïîìî÷ü òåáå.

???? do well – ïðåóñïåòü

I think I did pretty well in the interview. – ìíå êàæåòñÿ ÿ ïðåóñïåë â èíòåðâüþ.

???? do badly – èìåòü ïðîáëåìû

Everyone did badly on the test – the highest grade was 68. – ó âñåõ áûëè ïðîáëåìû íà òåñòå – ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåçóëüòàò – 68.

???? do good – ïðèíîñèòü ïîëüçó

The non-profit organization has done a lot of good in the community. – íåêîììåð÷åñêàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ ïðèíåñëà ìíîãî ïîëüçû äëÿ ñîîáùåñòâà.

???? do the right thing – ïîñòóïàòü ïðàâèëüíî

When I found someone’s wallet on the sidewalk, I turned it in to the police because I wanted to do the right thing. – êîãäà ÿ íàøåë áóìàæíèê íà òðîòóàðå, ÿ îòíåñ åãî â ïîëèöèþ, ïîòîìó ÷òî õîòåë ïîñòóïèòü ïðàâèëüíî.

???? do your best – ñòàðàòüñÿ

Don’t worry about getting everything perfect – just do your best. – íå ïåðåæèâàé, ÷òî íå ñäåëàåøü âñå èäåàëüíî – ïðîñòî ïîñòàðàéñÿ.

ÎÁÙÅÓÏÎÒÐÅÁÈÌÛÅ ÂÛÐÀÆÅÍÈß Ñ MAKE

FOOD – åäà

???? make breakfast/lunch/dinner – ãîòîâèòü çàâòðàê/ îáåä/ óæèí

I’m making dinner – it’ll be ready in about ten minutes. – ÿ ãîòîâëþ óæèí; îí áóäåò ãîòîâ ÷åðåç 10 ìèíóò.

???? make a sandwich – ñäåëàòü/ïðèãîòîâèòü ñýíäâè÷

Could you make me a turkey sandwich? – ìîæåøü ñäåëàòü ìíå ñýíäâè÷ ñ èíäåéêîé?

???? make a salad – ïðèãîòîâèòü ñàëàò

I made a salad for the family picnic. – ÿ ïðèãîòîâèëà ñàëàò äëÿ ñåìåéíîãî ïèêíèêà.

???? make a cup of tea – íàëèòü ÷àþ

Would you like me to make you a cup of tea? – õî÷åøü, ÷òîáû ÿ íàëèëà ÷àé?

???? make a reservation – çàêàçàòü ñòîëèê

I’ve made a reservation for 7:30 at our favorite restaurant. – ÿ çàêàçàë ñòîëèê íà 7,30 â íàøåì ëþáèìîì ðåñòîðàíå.

MONEY – äåíüãè

???? make money – çàðàáàòûâàòü äåíüãè

I enjoy my job, but I don’t make very much money. – ÿ ëþáëþ ñâîþ ðàáîòó, íî íå ïîëó÷àþ ìíîãî äåíåã.

???? make a profit – ïîëó÷àòü ïðèáûëü

The new company made a profit within its first year. – íîâàÿ êîìïàíèÿ ïîëó÷èëà ïðèáûëü â òå÷åíèå ïåðâîãî ãîäà.

???? make a fortune – ðàçáîãàòåòü/ ñäåëàòü ñîñòîÿíèå

He made a fortune after his book hit #1 on the bestseller list. – îí ðàçáîãàòåë, êîãäà åãî êíèãà ïîäíÿëàñü íà ïåðâóþ ñòðî÷êó áåñòñåëëåðîâ.

???? make $_______ – çàðàáîòàòü …

I made $250 selling my old CDs on the internet. – ÿ çàðàáîòàë $250, ïðîäàâàÿ ñâîè ñòàðûå äèñêè îíëàéí.

RELATIONSHIPS – îòíîøåíèÿ

???? make friends – ïîäðóæèòüñÿ/ çàâîäèòü äðóçåé

It’s hard to make friends when you move to a big city. – ñëîæíî çàâîäèòü äðóçåé, êîãäà ïåðååçæàåøü â áîëüøîé ãîðîä.

???? make love (= have sex) – çàíèìàòüñÿ ëþáîâüþ

The newlyweds made love on the beach during their honeymoon. – ìîëîäîæåíû çàíèìàëèñü ëþáîâüþ íà ïëÿæå íà ìåäîâûé ìåñÿö.

???? make a pass at (= flirt with someone) – ôëèðòîâàòü ñ êåì-òî

My best friend’s brother made a pass at me – he asked if I was single and tried to get my phone number. – äðóã ìîåãî ëó÷øåãî äðóãà ôëèðòîâàë ñî ìíîé: îí ñïðàøèâàë åñòü ëè ó ìåíÿ êòî-òî è ïðîñèë íîìåð òåëåôîíà.

???? make fun of someone (= tease / mock someone) – ñìåÿòüñÿ/ èçäåâàòüñÿ íà êåì-òî

The other kids made fun of Jimmy when he got glasses, calling him “four eyes.” – äðóãèå äåòè èçäåâàëèñü íàä Äæèììè, êîãäà îí íàäåë î÷êè, ñòàëè íàçâàòü åãî «÷åòûðåõãëàçûì»

???? make up (= resolve a problem in a relationship) – ìèðèòüñÿ

Karen and Jennifer made up after the big fight they had last week. – Êàðåí è Äæåííèôåð ïîìèðèëèñü ïîñëå áîëüøîé ññîðû íà ïðîøëîé íåäåëå.

COMMUNICATION – îáùåíèå

???? make a phone call – ïîçâîíèòü

Please excuse me – I need to make a phone call. – èçâèíèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ìíå íóæíî ïîçâîíèòü.

???? make a joke – ïîøóòèòü

He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed. – îí ïîøóòèë, íî ýòî áûëî íå ñìåøíî è íèêòî íå çàñìåÿëñÿ.

???? make a point – äîêàçûâàòü ñâîþ ïðàâîòó/ íàñòàèâàòü íà ñâîåì

Dana made some good points during the meeting; I think we should consider her ideas. – Äàíà íåñêîëüêî ðàç êëàññíî äîêàçàëà, ÷òî îíà ïðàâà, ÿ äóìàþ, ìû äîëæíû ðàññìîòðåòü åå èäåþ.

???? make a bet – ñïîðèòü

I made a bet with Peter to see who could do more push-ups. – ÿ ïîñïîðèë ñ Ïèòåðîì, êòî áîëüøå îòîæìåòñÿ.

???? make a complaint – æàëîâàòüñÿ/ ïîäàâàòü æàëîáó

We made a complaint with our internet provider about their terrible service, but we still haven’t heard back from them. – ÿ ïîäàë æàëîáó íà íàøåãî èíòåðíåò ïðîâàéäåðà çà óæàñíûé ñåðâèñ, íî òàê è íå ïîëó÷èë îòâåòà.

???? make a confession – ñäåëàòü ïðèçíàíèå/ ïðèçíàòüñÿ

I need to make a confession: I was the one who ate the last piece of cake. – ìíå íóæíî ïðèçíàòüñÿ – ÿ ñúåë ïîñëåäíèé êóñîê òîðòà.

???? make a speech – âûñòóïàòü/ ïðîèçíîñèòü ðå÷ü

The company president made a speech about ethics in the workplace. – ïðåçèäåíò êîìïàíèè âûñòóïèë ñ ðå÷üþ î ýòè÷åñêèõ íîðìàõ íà ðàáî÷åì ìåñòå.

???? make a suggestion – ñäåëàòü ïðåäëîæåíèå/ ïðåäëîæèòü ÷òî-òî

Can I make a suggestion? I think you should cut your hair shorter – it’d look great on you! – ÿ ìîãó ñäåëàòü ïðåäëîæåíèå? ß äóìàþ, òû äîëæåí ïîñòðè÷üñÿ êîðî÷å– òåáå î÷åíü ïîéäåò!

???? make a prediction – ïðåäñêàçûâàòü / äåëàòü ïðåäñêàçàíèå

It’s difficult to make any predictions about the future of the economy. – î÷åíü ñëîæíî ÷òî-ëèáî ïðåäñêàçûâàòü î áóäóùåì êîìïàíèè.

???? make an excuse – îïðàâäûâàòüñÿ

When I asked him if he’d finished the work, he started making excuses about how he was too busy. – êîãäà ÿ ñïðîñèë çàêîí÷èë ëè îí ðàáîòó, îí ñòàë îïðàâäûâàòüñÿ, ãîâîðÿ êàê îí áûë ñèëüíî çàíÿò.

???? make a promise – îáåùàòü

I made a promise to help her whenever she needs it. – ÿ ïîîáåùàë ïîìî÷ü, â ëþáîå âðåìÿ êîãäà åé ïîíàäîáëþñü.

(ìîæíî òàêæå ñêàçàòü, “I promised to help her whenever she needs it.”)

???? make a fuss (= demonstrate annoyance) – ïîäíèìàòü øóì/ ñóåòèòüñÿ

Stop making a fuss – he’s only late a couple minutes. I’m sure he’ll be here soon. – ïåðåñòàíü ñóåòèòüñÿ, îí îïàçäûâàåò âñåãî íà ïàðó ìèíóò.

???? make an observation – ñäåëàòü/âûñêàçàòü çàìå÷àíèå

I’d like to make an observation about our business plan – õî÷ó ñäåëàòü çàìå÷àíèå ïî òâîåìó áèçíåñ ïëàíó.

???? make a comment – êîììåíòèðîâàòü/ âûñêàçûâàòü çàìå÷àíèå

The teacher made a few critical comments on my essay. – ó÷èòåëü ñäåëàë íåñêîëüêî êðèòè÷åñêèõ çàìå÷àíèé ïî ýññå.

ÈÑÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ: íå ãîâîðèì “make a question.” Ïðàâèëüíî ãîâîðèòü “ask a question.” – çàäàâàòü âîïðîñ.

PLANS & PROGRESS – ïëàíû è ïðîãðåññ

???? make plans – ñòðîèòü ïëàíû/ ïëàíèðîâàòü

We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year. – ìû ïëàíèðóåì ïîåõàòü â Àâñòðàëèþ â ñëåäóþùåì ãîäó.

???? make a decision/choice – ðåøàòü/ ïðèíèìàòü ðåøåíèå

I’ve made my decision – I’m going to go to New York University, not Boston University.- ÿ ðåøèë, ÿ ñîáèðàþñü â Íüþ-éîðêñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò, à íå â Áîñòîí.

???? make a mistake – îøèáèòüñÿ/ ñîâåðøèòü îøèáêó

You made a few mistakes in your calculations – òû îøèáñÿ â íåñêîëüêèõ âû÷èñëåíèÿõ.

???? make progress – äîáèâàòüñÿ ïðîãðåññà/ óñïåõà

My students are making good progress. Their spoken English is improving a lot. – ìîè ó÷åíèêè î÷åíü ïðîãðåññèðóþò. Èõ ðàçãîâîðíûé àíãëèéñêèé äåéñòâèòåëüíî óëó÷øèëñÿ.

???? make an attempt / effort (= try) – ïûòàòüñÿ/ äåëàòü ïîïûòêó

I’m making an effort to stop smoking this year. – ÿ ïîïûòàþñü áðîñèòü êóðèòü â ýòîì ãîäó

???? make up your mind (= decide) – ðåøàòü/ äåëàòü âûáîð

Should I buy a desktop or a laptop computer? I can’t make up my mind. – ìíå êóïèòü ñòàöèîíàðíûé êîìïüþòåð èëè íîóòáóê? Íå ìîãó ðåøèòü.

???? make a discovery – ñäåëàòü îòêðûòèå

Scientists have made an important discovery in the area of genetics. – ó÷åíûå ñîâåðøèëè âàæíîå îòêðûòèå â îáëàñòè ãåíåòèêè.

???? make a list – ñîñòàâèòü ñïèñîê

I’m making a list of everything we need for the wedding: invitations, decorations, a cake, a band, the dress… – ÿ ñîñòàâëÿþ ñïèñîê âñåãî, ÷òî íàì ïîíàäîáèòüñÿ íà ñâàäüáå: ïðèãëàøåíèÿ, äåêîðàöèè, òîðò, ìóçûêàëüíàÿ ãðóïïà, ïëàòüå…

???? make sure (= confirm) – óáåäèòüñÿ/ óäîñòîâåðèòüñÿ

Can you make sure we have enough copies of the report for everybody at the meeting? – ìîæåòå âû óáåäèòüñÿ, ÷òî ó íàñ äîñòàòî÷íî êîïèé îò÷åòîâ äëÿ âñåõ íà ñîáðàíèè?

???? make a difference – èìåòü çíà÷åíèå/ èçìåíèòü ñèòóàöèþ

Getting eight hours of sleep makes a big difference in my day. I have more energy! – Âîñåìü ÷àñîâ ñíà äëÿ ìåíÿ èìååò çíà÷åíèå. Òàê ó ìåíÿ áîëüøå ýíåðãèè.

???? make an exception – äåëàòü èñêëþ÷åíèå

Normally the teacher doesn’t accept late homework, but she made an exception for me because my backpack was stolen with my homework inside it. – îáû÷íî íàøà ó÷èòåëüíèöà íå ïðèíèìàåò ðàáîòû, ñäàííûå íåâîâðåìÿ, íî îíà ñäåëàëà èñêëþ÷åíèå, ïîòîìó ÷òî ó ìåíÿ óêðàëè ðþêçàê ñ ðàáîòîé.